Tea, one of the world’s most beloved beverages, has a rich history and an extensive variety of types. Among the diverse tea categories, Zhengshan Xiaozhong, also known as Lapsang Souchong, holds a unique place as one of the earliest black teas in the world. This exceptional tea originated in Tongmuguan, Xingcun Town, Wuyishan City, Nanping, Fujian Province, China. Its history spans over 400 years, and it is often revered as the progenitor of black tea. In this article, we will explore the origins, production process, and distinctive characteristics of Zhengshan Xiaozhong.
Historical Origins
The birth of Zhengshan Xiaozhong dates back to the year 1568 when local tea farmers in Wuyishan, Fujian Province, created this remarkable tea. Its name, “Zhengshan Xiaozhong,” translates to “Zheng Mountain Small Leaf,” referring to the small tea leaves cultivated in the Zhengshan Mountains, a region known for its lush vegetation and ideal tea-growing conditions.
The Art of Production
The production of Zhengshan Xiaozhong is a labor-intensive process that demands precision and expertise. The key steps involved in crafting this extraordinary tea include:
Leaf Harvesting: Only the tender, young leaves are plucked, ensuring the best flavor and aroma.
Withering: The leaves undergo a controlled withering process to reduce moisture content and prepare them for the next steps.
Rolling and Shaping: The leaves are carefully rolled and shaped, releasing their essential oils and flavors.
Fermentation: During this stage, the leaves undergo oxidation, which is a defining characteristic of black tea. This process gives Zhengshan Xiaozhong its deep and rich flavor.
Firing: The leaves are briefly fired to halt the oxidation process, setting the tea’s unique profile.
Twisting and Further Firing: A series of twisting and firing steps refine the tea’s appearance and flavor.
Gradation and Sorting: The tea is sorted into various grades based on quality and leaf size.
Maocha and Sorting: The tea is allowed to rest, develop its flavors, and is then sorted again.
Sifting and Wind Selection: The tea is sifted to remove impurities and then subjected to wind selection, which separates the tea leaves based on weight and size.
Final Drying: The tea is gently dried to lock in its flavor and aroma.
Characteristics of Zhengshan Xiaozhong
Zhengshan Xiaozhong is known for its distinct characteristics that make it a favorite among tea connoisseurs:
Uniform Appearance: The tea leaves are tightly rolled and uniform in appearance, showcasing the skill of the tea artisans.
Robust Leaf Structure: The leaves are hearty and well-developed, contributing to the tea’s bold flavor.
Dark, Lustrous Color: The leaves exhibit a deep, lustrous black color, promising a rich infusion.
Vibrant Red Liquor: When steeped, Zhengshan Xiaozhong yields a vibrant red liquor that is visually appealing.
Aromatic Complexity: The tea boasts a complex aroma with hints of pine smokiness or natural floral notes, evoking a sense of tranquility.
Full-Bodied Flavor: Its taste is characterized by a full-bodied, sweet, and refreshing profile with undertones of lychee, leaving a lingering, pleasant aftertaste.
Versatility with Milk: Zhengshan Xiaozhong pairs exceptionally well with milk, enhancing its aroma and flavor.
Zhengshan Xiaozhong, the original black tea, continues to enchant tea enthusiasts worldwide with its remarkable history and exceptional characteristics. From its humble origins in Wuyishan, China, to its meticulous production process and enticing flavor profile, this tea embodies the artistry and tradition of Chinese tea culture. Whether enjoyed on its own or with milk, Zhengshan Xiaozhong stands as a testament to the enduring allure of black tea.