Introduction to Zhengshan Xiaozhong Tea
Zhengshan Xiaozhong, also known as Lapsang Souchong, is a type of black tea originating from Wuyishan City in Fujian Province, China. The term “Zhengshan” refers specifically to the tea produced within the Tongmu protected area, distinguishing it from teas produced outside this region. The debate between Zhengshan (authentic mountain) and Waishan (external mountain) originated from the difference between the small-leaf black teas produced within the high-altitude Tongmu area and those produced in lower-altitude regions. Eventually, the Tongmu area, with its rich historical background, successfully registered the geographical indication for Zhengshan Xiaozhong, settling the long-standing dispute.
Benefits of Zhengshan Xiaozhong Tea
Diuretic Effect: Zhengshan Xiaozhong tea contains a rich amount of caffeine and aromatic substances, which can increase kidney blood flow, enhance the filtration rate of the glomeruli, and promote increased urine production.
Detoxification: The tea polyphenols in Zhengshan Xiaozhong can absorb heavy metals and other harmful substances in the body, which are then precipitated and decomposed, providing a detoxifying effect. Therefore, regular consumption of this tea is beneficial.
Promotes Salivation and Quenches Thirst: Drinking Zhengshan Xiaozhong in the summer can help quench thirst and relieve heat. The tea contains polysaccharides, sugars, and amino acids that stimulate the secretion of saliva, creating a refreshing and cooling sensation in the mouth.
Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial: The polyphenolic compounds in Zhengshan Xiaozhong have excellent anti-inflammatory properties. Catechins in the tea can bind with single cells, causing proteins to coagulate, thus inhibiting and eliminating pathogenic bacteria, providing anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
Stomach Protection: Zhengshan Xiaozhong is mild in nature and has a stomach-protecting effect. Adding some brown sugar or milk to brewed black tea can further enhance its anti-inflammatory properties and protect the stomach lining.
Refreshes and Improves Mental Alertness: The caffeine in Zhengshan Xiaozhong stimulates the central nervous system, helping to refresh the mind and enhance memory. A cup of this tea in the afternoon can be an excellent way to boost your energy levels.
Vasodilation: Studies have shown that regular consumption of Zhengshan Xiaozhong black tea can increase blood vessel dilation from 6% to 10%, indicating its vasodilatory effects.
Anti-Aging: The antioxidants in Zhengshan Xiaozhong black tea can disrupt the chemical pathways of cancer cells. This tea contains more antioxidants than green tea, making it especially beneficial for heart health.
Characteristics of Zhengshan Xiaozhong Tea
Flavor Profile: After brewing, Zhengshan Xiaozhong tea presents a complex flavor profile, with prominent notes of longan, pine smoke, and roasted sweet potato. The tea leaves a subtle acidity followed by a longan soup flavor, accompanied by a fruity aftertaste, sweetness reminiscent of rock candy, and a pleasant aftertaste typical of high-quality black tea.
Authenticity: High-quality Zhengshan Xiaozhong has a pure taste without any off-flavors, such as bacon or sour plum. A bacon flavor can result from over-roasting or improper fire curing during production, while a sour plum flavor indicates that the tea has aged poorly or been improperly stored.
Storage: Authentic Zhengshan Xiaozhong with a noticeable pine smoke flavor is best left to age for two years before consumption. Proper storage in a cool, dry environment is essential to preserve its unique flavor.
The History of Zhengshan Xiaozhong
Located in the core area of the Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Tongmu Village in Xingcun Town is a secluded area with a rich history. During the late Ming Dynasty, the world’s first black tea, Lapsang Souchong, was born in Tongmu. The story goes that when an army from Jiangxi passed through Tongmu, they rested in a tea farmer’s factory during the tea-picking season. The fresh leaves intended for green tea production were used as bedding. In a rush, the tea farmers dried the leaves over pine wood fires, creating what they considered inferior tea. Surprisingly, the tea was requested again the following year, and demand grew year after year. What was once thought to be inferior became the highly regarded Zhengshan Xiaozhong black tea, beloved even by Queen Elizabeth of England!
Origin of Zhengshan Xiaozhong
Zhengshan Xiaozhong black tea was first produced in 1568 and is recognized as the ancestor of black teas worldwide. It was introduced to Europe in 1604 by Dutch traders, and for over two centuries, the British royal family favored Zhengshan Xiaozhong as their beverage of choice. Despite a decline in the 19th century due to various factors, the tea saw a revival during the Republic of China era, thanks to the efforts of agricultural pioneers like Wu Juenong, Zhang Tianfu, and Jiang Runmei. Their contributions helped preserve and develop the tea production techniques in Tongmu.
The Environment of Zhengshan Xiaozhong Production
Tongmu Village’s soil primarily comprises Jurassic Doulingshan volcanic rocks and Yanshanian granite. The area is densely forested and features a unique climate with cold temperatures, high rainfall exceeding 2300 millimeters annually, and a relative humidity of 80-85%. The low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, combined with the region’s cool, wet, and foggy climate, create ideal conditions for growing Zhengshan Xiaozhong tea. The natural environment plays a crucial role in giving this tea its distinct flavor and high quality.